Flow control

Flow control statements allow to:

Flow control

Sequential execution

In the simplest scenario a program is executed line-by-line:

statement_1
statement_2
statement_3

Note, sometimes several statements might be in the same line separated with semicolon:

statement_1
statement_2; statement_3

Conditional execution

if

Runs statement_T only when the condition is TRUE.

statement_1

if( condition ) {
  # this runs only when the condition is TRUE
  statement_T
}

statement_2

if/else

When the condition is TRUE runs statement_T.
Otherwise runs statement_F.

statement_1

if( condition ) {
  # this runs only when the condition is TRUE
  statement_T
} else {
  # this runs only when the condition is FALSE
  statement_F
}

statement_2

if/else if/…/else

Multiple conditions can be combined:

statement_1

if ( condition1 ) {
  # this runs only when the condition1 is TRUE
  statement_T1
} else if( condition2 ) {
  # this runs only when the condition1 was FALSE and the condition2 is TRUE
  statement_T2
} else {
  # this runs only when all above conditions were FALSE
  statement_F
}

statement_2

Looping

for loop

Executes the same statement a fixed number of times:

for( v in 1:5 ) {
  # this runs once for v==1, then v==2, ..., v==5
  print( v )
}
[1] 1
[1] 2
[1] 3
[1] 4
[1] 5

Or allows to iterate over each element of a vector:

fruits <- c( "apples", "bananas", "cherries" )
for( fruit in fruits ) {
  print( fruit )
}
[1] "apples"
[1] "bananas"
[1] "cherries"

Or for each element of a list:

studentScores <- list(
  Amy = c( 4,8,6,9,7 ),
  Bob = c( 3,5,5,4 ),
  Chester = c( 7,7,6,6,9,5,6,8 )
)
meanScores <- c()
for( student in names( studentScores ) ) {
  meanScores[[ student ]] <- mean( studentScores[[ student ]] )
}
meanScores
$Amy
[1] 6.8

$Bob
[1] 4.25

$Chester
[1] 6.75

Note, the above example would rather be implemented with sapply:

meanScores <- sapply( studentScores, mean )
meanScores
    Amy     Bob Chester 
   6.80    4.25    6.75

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